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Tracking Joint Angles During Whole-Arm Movements Using Electromagnetic Sensors.

Ryan Clark1, Taylor Dickinson1, Johnfredy Loaiza1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|January 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a standardized methodology for electromagnetic (EM) motion tracking of in vivo whole-arm movements. The comprehensive guide ensures consistent data collection and facilitates comparisons across research studies using EM sensors.

Keywords:
ISBelectromagnetic sensorsin vivo measurementsinverse kinematicslandmarkposturalsensor-to-bodysensor-to-segmentupper limbwhole arm

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Electromagnetic (EM) motion tracking is valuable for in vivo whole-arm movement analysis in research and clinical settings.
  • Existing literature lacks a standardized methodology for EM-based in vivo whole-arm movement measurements, hindering reproducibility and inter-study comparisons.
  • While the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) provides recommendations, specific guidance for EM sensor application in whole-arm movement is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive and standardized methodology for in vivo whole-arm movement measurement using electromagnetic (EM) sensors.
  • To address the lack of detailed protocols in the literature for EM-based motion tracking of the upper limb.
  • To promote replicability and facilitate meaningful comparisons between studies investigating arm movements.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a methodology integrating existing International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) recommendations with practical considerations for EM sensor use.
  • Detailed procedures for defining coordinate systems (CSs) and joint angles, sensor placement, and sensor-to-body calibration.
  • Provided equations for calculating rotation matrices from sensor data and extracting unique joint angles for both right and left upper limbs (9 or 7 degrees-of-freedom (DOF)) using two calibration methods.

Main Results:

  • A complete methodology for in vivo whole-arm movement analysis using EM sensors is presented.
  • The methodology covers coordinate system definition, sensor placement, calibration, and joint angle extraction.
  • Equations and procedures are provided for various upper limb models and calibration techniques.

Conclusions:

  • The presented comprehensive methodology enhances the replicability of in vivo whole-arm movement studies using EM sensors.
  • This standardized approach simplifies new investigations and enables more reliable comparisons between different research efforts.
  • Adoption of this methodology is expected to advance the field of human arm movement analysis through improved data consistency.