Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Visualizing Axonal Growth Cone Collapse and Early Amyloid β Effects in Cultured Mouse Neurons
Published on: October 30, 2018
Endosomal dysfunction impacts extracellular vesicle release: Central role in Aβ pathology
B D Arbo1, L R Cechinel2, R P Palazzo3
1Departmento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (90050-170), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Av. Itália, km. 8 (96203-900), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (90050-170), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (90050-170), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Abstract:
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities; senile plaques represent the major histopathological findings. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing machinery, and its product amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, have been found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, which allows for Aβ peptide aggregation and subsequent senile plaques deposition. We review the APP processing imbalance in EVs, autophagic and endosomal pathways in AD. Increased intraluminal vesicle (ILV) production and exosome release appear to counteract the endosomal dysfunction of APP processing; however, this process results in elevated amyloidogenic processing of APP and augmented senile plaque deposition. Several players related to APP processing and dysfunctional endosomal-lysosomal-exosomal (and other EVs) pathway are described, and the interconnected systems are discussed. The components Arc, p75, Rab11 and retromer complex emerge as candidates for key convergent mechanisms that lead to increased EVs loaded with APP machinery and Aβ levels, in atrophy and damage of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD.
More Related Videos
06:58Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
Published on: October 18, 2024
10:09Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment
Published on: June 2, 2020
Related Concept Videos
The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin
Lysosomal Hydrolases
Overview of Secretory Vesicles
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies
ER Retrieval Pathway
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...