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Changes in bioelectrical impedance during fasting.

D S Gray1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
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Bioelectrical impedance analysis accurately tracks total body water (TBW) changes during fasting. Measurements of resistance, reactance, and impedance showed similar patterns, correlating well with TBW during a 2-week fast.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Obesity presents significant health challenges.
  • Accurate monitoring of body composition, particularly total body water (TBW), is crucial for managing obesity and understanding metabolic changes during interventions like fasting.
  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive method for assessing body composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in tracking changes in total body water (TBW) during a 2-week fasting period in obese females.
  • To assess the relationship between BIA parameters (resistance, reactance, impedance) and TBW measurements obtained via deuterium oxide dilution during fasting and refeeding.

Main Methods:

  • Six obese females underwent a 2-week fast.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Daily measurements of bioelectrical impedance (resistance, reactance, impedance) were recorded.
  • Total body water (TBW) was measured using deuterium oxide dilution before and after the fasting period.
  • Height and weight were recorded to calculate height squared divided by resistance (ht2/R).

    • Main Results:

    • Bioelectrical impedance parameters (R, Xc, Z) increased during the first week of fasting and stabilized in the second week.
    • Average weight loss was 10 kg.
    • Resistance (R) increased, while ht2/R decreased during fasting, with opposite trends during refeeding.
    • Changes in ht2/R correlated strongly (r = 0.94) with changes in TBW, excluding the most obese subject.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioelectrical impedance measurements effectively reflect changes in total body water (TBW) during a 2-week fast in obese individuals.
    • BIA parameters provide a reliable, non-invasive method for monitoring hydration status and body composition changes during prolonged fasting.
    • The ht2/R index shows particular promise for tracking TBW fluctuations in this context.