Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.7K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.7K
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

9.7K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
9.7K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

8.6K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.6K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

894
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
894
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

5.8K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
5.8K
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

3.6K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emergency integrative supportive care program for frail patients with advanced pancreatic cancer: A prospective GERCOR ARCAD study.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Molecular and Clinical Determinants of Targeted Therapy Treatment in Biliary Tract Cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

Molecular lineages of sporadic mismatch-repair deficient colorectal cancer.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

POLQ-driven repair scars shape the immunogenic landscape of homologous recombination-deficient pancreatic cancer.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Pembrolizumab and olaparib in homologous-recombination-deficient metastatic pancreatic cancer: the phase 2 POLAR trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Toward precision chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: molecular, transcriptomic and clinical determinants.

Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.3K

Immune Therapy for Liver Cancers.

Marc Hilmi1,2, Angélique Vienot2,3, Benoît Rousseau2,4

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, 35 rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France.

Cancers
|January 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) show poor survival. While immunotherapy shows promise, its clinical activity is limited, necessitating further research into immune signatures and combination therapies for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
biliary tract cancerscheckpoint inhibitordrug combinationhepatocellular carcinomaimmunologytumor microenvironment

More Related Videos

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
11:08

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.7K
Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
08:25

Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: April 25, 2025

587

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
06:38

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis

Published on: September 12, 2019

9.3K
Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells
11:08

Advances in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Natural Killer Cells

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.7K
Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
08:25

Mass Cytometry Analysis of Systemic and Local Immune Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: April 25, 2025

587

Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary cancers
  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) have poor prognoses, often diagnosed at advanced stages with limited treatment options.
  • Primary liver malignancies like HCC and BTC are candidates for immune checkpoint blockade due to high PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological rationale for using immunotherapies in HCC and BTC.
  • To summarize the current clinical development of immunotherapies for these cancers.
  • To explore the predictive value of immune signatures for treatment response and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of immune signatures in HCC and BTC.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data for immunotherapy efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Single-agent immunotherapy shows limited clinical activity in a subset of patients, with optimal patient selection remaining unclear.
  • Combinatorial approaches are under investigation to enhance treatment efficacy.
  • Immune signatures show potential for predicting response to immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy offers a new avenue for treating HCC and BTC, but further research is needed.
  • Identifying predictive immune biomarkers is crucial for optimizing immunotherapy strategies.
  • Combination therapies may improve outcomes for patients with advanced liver cancers.