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Long-range frequency-difference source localization in the Philippine Sea.

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  • 1Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

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A new below-band matched field processing (MFP) technique successfully localizes underwater sound sources in the deep ocean. This frequency-difference method overcomes traditional MFP limitations for long-range acoustic detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Ocean Acoustics
  • Signal Processing
  • Geophysical Exploration

Background:

  • Matched field processing (MFP) is used for source localization in complex environments.
  • Traditional MFP struggles with accurate field calculations, limiting deep ocean, long-range (>100 km) localization.
  • Existing methods fail at hundreds of Hz signal frequencies even with high-quality data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a below-band MFP technique using the frequency-difference autoproduct for deep ocean source localization.
  • To extend previous shallow-ocean success to challenging deep-ocean conditions.
  • To assess performance with realistic ocean propagation data and low frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the frequency-difference autoproduct, a technique previously successful in shallow waters.
  • Matched measured frequency-difference autoproducts with composite mode-ray replicas.
  • Applied the method to deep ocean acoustic data from the PhilSea10 experiment (129-379 km ranges).
  • Used signals with 100-Hz bandwidth centered between 250-275 Hz.

Main Results:

  • The frequency-difference technique demonstrated high success rates (90%-100%) at multiple long ranges.
  • Localization was achieved using single-digit Hz difference frequencies.
  • Performance was evaluated based on an incoherent average of five signal samples.

Conclusions:

  • Below-band MFP utilizing the frequency-difference autoproduct is effective for deep ocean source localization.
  • This technique overcomes limitations of traditional MFP in deep, complex environments.
  • It offers a promising approach for long-range acoustic detection and monitoring in the ocean.