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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

All-electronic Nanosecond-resolved Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: Facilitating the Investigation of Single Dopant Charge Dynamics
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A radio-frequency spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope.

J Friedlein1, J Harm1, P Lindner1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|January 3, 2020
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Summary

A new cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope enables spin-resolved studies of dynamic systems up to 26 GHz. This advanced instrument operates at low temperatures and high magnetic fields, offering novel research capabilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Dynamic systems require advanced microscopy techniques for spin-resolved studies.
  • Existing scanning tunneling microscopes have limitations in frequency response and operating conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present a novel cryogenic scanning tunneling microscope (STM) optimized for spin-resolved studies of dynamic systems.
  • To achieve high-frequency operation and broad temperature and magnetic field ranges for advanced materials research.

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of a specialized cryogenic setup for the STM, including custom microscope and cryostat.
  • Development of an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system with modular preparation platforms for sample handling.
  • Characterization of the STM's performance in both time and frequency domains.

Main Results:

  • The cryogenic STM achieves a cutoff frequency exceeding 26 GHz at the tunnel junction.
  • The instrument is operable across a temperature range of 1.1 K to 100 K and magnetic fields up to 3 T.
  • Proof-of-concept experimental data were successfully acquired for the Pd/Fe/Ir(111) sample system.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cryogenic STM is a powerful tool for high-frequency, spin-resolved investigations of dynamic systems.
  • The instrument's capabilities open new avenues for exploring quantum phenomena in materials under extreme conditions.
  • The successful demonstration on Pd/Fe/Ir(111) validates the system's potential for cutting-edge surface science research.