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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
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PCSK9 inhibitors for treating hypercholesterolemia.

Andrea Pasta1, Anna Laura Cremonini1, Livia Pisciotta1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|January 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

PCSK9 inhibitors effectively lower LDL-C, reducing cardiovascular events like statins. While generally safe, long-term effects and mortality benefits require further investigation.

Keywords:
LDL-CPCSK9 inhibitorshypercholesterolemialipid-lowering drugs

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9
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LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Statins and other lipid-lowering therapies reduce atherosclerosis by lowering LDL-C.
  • PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) represent an advanced treatment for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease due to their LDL-C-lowering efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on PCSK9 inhibitors, focusing on evolocumab and alirocumab.
  • Summarize pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical data for these PCSK9 inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing scientific literature.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data and pharmacologic profiles of PCSK9 inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • PCSK9 inhibitors significantly reduce LDL-C, comparable to statins in lowering atherosclerotic events.
  • These agents are generally safe and well-tolerated.
  • Controversies exist regarding mortality reduction, pleiotropic effects, and long-term safety.

Conclusions:

  • PCSK9 inhibitors are effective LDL-C-lowering agents for cardiovascular disease prevention.
  • Further research is needed on long-term safety, mortality benefits, and effects of very low cholesterol levels.
  • Genetic evidence suggests very low LDL-C is not inherently harmful, but long-term antibody-induced PCSK9 inhibition effects are unknown.