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Three-Dimensional Geometry of Phalanges as a Proxy for Pair-Matching: Mesh Comparison Using an ICP Algorithm.

Konstantina Tsiminikaki1, Mara A Karell1, Despoina Nathena2

  • 1Edinburgh Unit for Forensic Anthropology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new digital method for matching phalanges (finger and toe bones) from commingled remains. The mesh-to-mesh value comparison (MVC) method shows promise for forensic anthropology, improving individualization techniques.

Keywords:
3D models3D pattern recognitionForensic anthropologyHand phalangesICPMesh-to-mesh value comparisonPair-matching

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Digital Imaging

Background:

  • Forensic anthropologists face challenges in individualizing commingled human remains.
  • Existing pair-matching protocols for commingled remains are being enhanced by virtual methods.
  • Phalanges are crucial for individualization but have fewer dedicated studies compared to other bones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of the mesh-to-mesh value comparison (MVC) method for pair-matching phalanges.
  • To automate the MVC method for efficient comparison of multiple bone models.
  • To assess the performance of the automated MVC method using sensitivity and specificity rates.

Main Methods:

  • Digitized 515 phalanges from 24 individuals using CT scans and 3D modeling software (AMIRA).
  • Employed the mesh-to-mesh value comparison (MVC) method with an iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm.
  • Automated the comparison process using Viewbox software for over 73,000 pair comparisons.

Main Results:

  • The proximal phalanx of Digit 3 showed the highest accuracy (87.5% sensitivity, 92.4% specificity) for unhollowed models.
  • Specificity slightly decreased to 91.1% for hollowed models, indicating minimal impact of internal bone structure.
  • At a 95% specificity threshold, the proximal phalanx of Digit 2 yielded the highest sensitivity (68.8%) for both model types.

Conclusions:

  • The automated MVC method demonstrates good performance for pair-matching phalanges, contributing to individualization techniques.
  • The method's effectiveness is comparable between hollowed and unhollowed models, allowing use with surface scans.
  • This digital approach has the potential to reduce the need for DNA analysis by efficiently excluding non-matching pairs.