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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining, Imaging, and Analysis in Histological Samples of Lymphoma
Published on: January 9, 2019
20.3K
Lymphoma: Diagnosis and Treatment
William D Lewis1, Seth Lilly1, Kristin L Jones1
1West Virginia University Eastern Division, Harpers Ferry, WV, USA.
American Family Physician
|January 3, 2020
Summary
Lymphoma, a cancer of lymphocytes, has over 90 subtypes and is diagnosed in 82,000 Americans annually. Treatment varies by subtype, with chemotherapy regimens like CHOP and ABVD, and requires ongoing surveillance and vaccinations.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
Background:
- Lymphoma encompasses over 90 lymphocyte-associated malignant neoplasms, broadly categorized as non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Annually, approximately 82,000 new U.S. cases are diagnosed, with modifiable risk factors including tobacco use and obesity, alongside genetic, infectious, and inflammatory influences.
- Typical presentation involves painless adenopathy, progressing to systemic symptoms like fever, weight loss, and night sweats in advanced stages.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of lymphoma diagnosis, staging, and treatment modalities.
- To highlight the importance of risk factors, diagnostic criteria, and staging systems in lymphoma management.
- To discuss current therapeutic strategies for major lymphoma subtypes and the associated toxicities and long-term care considerations.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis relies on open lymph node biopsy.
- Staging utilizes the Lugano classification system, integrating clinical symptoms and positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings.
- Treatment selection is guided by lymphoma subtype, disease stage, and consideration of chemotherapy toxicities.
Main Results:
- Treatment regimens vary significantly between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (e.g., CHOP, bendamustine, lenalidomide) and Hodgkin lymphoma (e.g., ABVD, Stanford V, BEACOPP).
- Chemotherapy can lead to toxicities such as neuropathy, cardiotoxicity, and secondary cancers, necessitating shared decision-making.
- Post-remission care includes routine surveillance for relapse and complications, alongside age-appropriate health screenings and vaccinations.
Conclusions:
- Effective lymphoma management requires accurate diagnosis, staging, and tailored treatment strategies.
- Understanding and mitigating treatment-related toxicities are crucial for patient well-being.
- Long-term surveillance, vaccinations, and adherence to preventive care guidelines are essential for lymphoma survivors.
