Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

63.8K
The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
63.8K
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.3K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
20.3K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.2K
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

13.7K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
13.7K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.9K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.7K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
47.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Two-Dimensional Topological Insulators: Promises, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Controlling an altermagnetic spin density wave in the kagome magnet CsCr<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>5</sub>.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Orbitally Resolved Single-Photon Emission from an Individual Atomic Vacancy Center in a Semiconductor.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Efficient perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> tandem solar cells with a composite intermediate recombination layer.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Time-dependent density functional theory investigation of the formation of H3+ from alkanes.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Observation of the Charge Density Wave Excitonic Order Parameter in Topological Insulator Monolayer WTe<sub>2</sub>.

ACS nano·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.5K

A two-dimensional ErCu2 intermetallic compound on Cu(111) with moiré-pattern-modulated electronic structures.

Chaoqiang Xu1, Kejie Bao1, Yande Que1

  • 1Department of Physics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. jyzhu@phy.cuhk.edu.hk xdxiao@phy.cuhk.edu.hk.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|January 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored erbium (Er) on copper (Cu) surfaces, discovering a two-dimensional (2D) ErCu2 intermetallic compound. This 2D material exhibits tunable electronic properties influenced by substrate interactions and moiré patterns.

More Related Videos

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

703
Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.5K
Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

703
Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) intermetallic compounds offer tunable electronic properties.
  • Rare-earth elements on metal substrates can form novel 2D structures.
  • Substrate periodicity and coupling significantly influence material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the growth modes and properties of erbium (Er) on Cu(111).
  • To explore the formation of 2D intermetallic compounds and their electronic structures.
  • To understand the role of post-deposition effects and substrate interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Combinational and systematic investigation using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS).
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for theoretical analysis.
  • Controlled deposition and annealing of Er on Cu(111) surfaces.

Main Results:

  • Observed a growth mode transition from branched to fractal-like Er islands based on deposition interruption.
  • Identified the formation of a monolayer 2D ErCu2 intermetallic compound with a moiré pattern upon annealing fractal-like islands.
  • DFT calculations confirmed position-dependent energy states in 2D ErCu2 and revealed its potential as a 2D ferromagnet with topological band structures.

Conclusions:

  • Post-deposition effects critically influence Er island morphology and activity.
  • The moiré pattern in 2D ErCu2 on Cu(111) modulates electronic coupling and structures.
  • Atomically-thin 2D rare-earth intermetallics possess tunable electronic properties, opening avenues for future nanostructure research.