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Related Concept Videos

Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

437
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
437
Stress and Mental Health01:30

Stress and Mental Health

436
Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
Individuals with depression often experience challenges in both their personal and professional...
436
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
474
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques II01:23

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453
Personality types, particularly Type A and Type B, significantly influence how individuals respond to stress. These personality distinctions are marked by varying levels of ambition, competitiveness, and coping styles, all of which shape an individual's resilience to stressors.
Type A Personality: Driven and Easily Stressed
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The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

160
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
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The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

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Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
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Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders.

Bruce S McEwen1, Huda Akil2

  • 1The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, and.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Stress is an adaptive process impacting brain health and neuroplasticity. Chronic stress overload can lead to brain disorders like depression and cognitive deficits, making stress biology a key target in neuroscience.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stress Biology
  • Affective Neuroscience

Background:

  • The concept of stress has evolved from acute responses to ongoing adaptive processes.
  • Stress involves environmental assessment, coping, and preparation for future challenges.
  • Fundamental neurocircuitry, molecular players, and neuroplasticity impacts of stress are established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of stress biology understanding.
  • To highlight the brain-body interaction in stress responsiveness.
  • To underscore the link between stress overload and brain disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 50 years of research in stress biology.
  • Examination of neurobiological underpinnings of stress.
  • Investigation of the impact of stress on neuroplasticity and brain health.

Main Results:

  • Stress is an adaptive process crucial for anticipating and managing challenges.
  • Chronic stress can overload the system, negatively impacting brain health.
  • Overload leads to vulnerability to depression and cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Stress biology is a well-understood system in affective neuroscience.
  • The brain-body stress system's overload is detrimental to brain health.
  • Understanding stress biology offers targets for treating brain-related diseases.