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Use of Shigella flexneri to Study Autophagy-Cytoskeleton Interactions
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Autophagy and microbial pathogenesis.

Matthew D Keller1,2, Victor J Torres2, Ken Cadwell3,4,5

  • 1Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.

Cell Death and Differentiation
|January 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular process, is crucial for host defense against pathogens. This review explores how autophagy impacts microbial infections and immunity, influencing chronic disease development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a cellular process vital for resilience against environmental challenges, including infectious agents.
  • The autophagy pathway plays a central role in host-microbe interactions, influencing the outcome of infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of autophagy in microbial pathogenesis at the organismal level.
  • To highlight how cellular-level autophagy observations inform pathogenesis studies and host-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular studies on autophagy's interaction with intracellular pathogens (e.g., viruses).
  • Analysis of findings from animal models regarding autophagy's role in host immunity against extracellular microbes.
  • Examination of autophagy's impact on gut microbiota adaptation and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy can suppress or enhance the fitness of infectious agents, particularly intracellular pathogens.
  • Autophagy's role extends from cellular defense to organismal immunity, affecting both intracellular and extracellular microbes.
  • Autophagy influences gut microbiota and has implications for chronic disorders like inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key regulator of inflammatory responses to microbes, impacting host-pathogen dynamics.
  • Distinguishing autophagy from related pathways like LC3-associated phagocytosis remains a challenge.
  • Future research directions include further elucidating autophagy's role in pathogenesis and host-microbe interactions.