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Androgen Receptor Expression in Hypospadias.
Dhanvanth Rajesh Balaji1, Goutham Reddy1, Ramesh Babu1
1Department of Pediatric Urology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons
|January 4, 2020
Summary
Androgen receptor (AR) expression is significantly elevated in hypospadias patients, particularly in proximal cases. This finding may indicate end-organ overexpression, offering new insights into hypospadias development.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology
- Developmental Biology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- The precise mechanisms underlying hypospadias development remain elusive.
- Previous research on androgen receptor (AR) expression in hypospadias has yielded conflicting results, reporting elevated, similar, or reduced levels compared to controls.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate androgen receptor (AR) expression and hormone levels in patients with hypospadias.
- To compare AR expression and hormone profiles between hypospadias patients and children with normal genitalia.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study involving a control group (n=27) and a hypospadias group (n=16).
- Hormonal assays (LH, FSH, free testosterone) were performed preoperatively.
- Androgen receptor (AR) expression in foreskin tissue was quantified using immunohistochemistry and expressed as an H score.
Main Results:
- Androgen receptor (AR) expression, measured by H score, was significantly higher in hypospadias patients (189.5) than in controls (97.5).
- AR expression was notably higher in proximal hypospadias (220) compared to distal hypospadias (159).
- No significant differences in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, or free testosterone levels were observed between the groups.
Conclusions:
- Androgen receptor (AR) expression is significantly elevated in hypospadias, with higher levels in proximal cases, suggesting potential end-organ overexpression.
- These findings contribute to understanding the controversial subject of AR's role in hypospadias.
- Further extensive research is warranted to elucidate the exact mechanisms.
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