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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...

Epistasis Analysis

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...

Position-effect Variegation

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

Published on: June 2, 2021

Understanding epigenomics based on the rice model.

Yue Lu¹, Dao-Xiu Zhou^1,2, Yu Zhao³

¹National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.

TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik

|January 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores rice epigenomics, covering DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNAs, and 3D genomics. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms in rice advances plant science and agricultural trait development.

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Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae

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Published on: June 2, 2021

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Published on: October 24, 2018

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits

Published on: January 3, 2025

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics

Background:

Rice serves as a crucial model organism for plant epigenomic research.
Epigenetic mechanisms significantly influence plant development and environmental adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in rice epigenomics.
To discuss current challenges and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on rice epigenome profiling.
Analysis of studies on DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNAs, and 3D genomics in rice.
Examination of research on chromatin regulators and epialleles in rice.

Main Results:

Rice epigenome profiling reveals specific features impacting gene regulation during development and adaptation.
Studies on chromatin regulators elucidate mechanisms of epigenetic information establishment and resetting.
Identification of rice epialleles linked to agronomic traits underscores the role of epigenomic variation.

Conclusions:

Recent advances in rice epigenomics have significantly enhanced our understanding of plant epigenetics.
Future research should focus on addressing identified challenges to further explore rice epigenomic regulation.
Epigenomic insights in rice hold potential for improving plant growth, fitness, and yield.