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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Published on: August 23, 2018

Catalysis with Colloidal Ruthenium Nanoparticles.

M Rosa Axet¹, Karine Philippot¹

¹UPR8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT , CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) , 205 Route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4 , France.

Chemical Reviews

|January 4, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Colloidal ruthenium nanoparticles show high performance in various solution-phase catalytic reactions. Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize their catalytic properties for enhanced efficiency.

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Published on: June 24, 2022

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Catalysis
Nanotechnology

Background:

Ruthenium metal nanoparticles are gaining interest for solution-phase catalysis.
Recent nanochemistry advances enable the synthesis of well-controlled ruthenium nanoparticles.
Understanding nanoparticle characteristics is crucial for catalytic property evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a synthetic overview of research on colloidal ruthenium metal nanoparticles in catalysis over the last five years.
To highlight the catalytic applications of ruthenium nanoparticles in solution-phase reactions.
To explore how nanoparticle characteristics influence catalytic performance.

Main Methods:

Review of recent scientific literature on ruthenium nanoparticle catalysis.
Analysis of studies focusing on well-controlled ruthenium nanoparticles as models.
Investigation of the impact of surface chemistry and crystallographic structure on catalysis.

Main Results:

Ruthenium nanoparticles demonstrate high performance in reduction, oxidation, Fischer-Tropsch, C-H activation, CO2 transformation, and hydrogen production.
Surface chemistry of ruthenium nanoparticles is becoming better understood.
Ruthenium nanocatalysts serve as valuable models for investigating key nanocatalysis parameters.

Conclusions:

Ruthenium nanoparticles are highly performant catalysts for diverse reactions but require further rationalization.
A deeper understanding of nanoparticle surface chemistry and structure is essential for developing more efficient catalysts.
Continued research aims to create more active and selective ruthenium catalysts operating under mild conditions.