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Measurements of Strain

Measurements of Strain

Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Published on: August 8, 2019

Measuring lumbar back motion during functional activities using a portable strain gauge sensor-based system: A

Magdalena Suter¹, Patric Eichelberger¹, Jana Frangi¹

¹Bern University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Professions, Division of Physiotherapy, Spinal Movement Biomechanics Group, Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of Biomechanics

|January 4, 2020

Summary

The Epionics SPINE system accurately measures lumbar back motion during activities like lifting and jumping, showing high reliability for spinal disorder research. It performed comparably to Vicon motion capture systems.

Keywords:

Back shape Dynamic functional assessment Lumbar lordosis Spine biomechanics Trunk movement

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Rehabilitation Engineering

Background:

Understanding lumbar back motion during functional activities is crucial for diagnosing spinal disorders.
Portable measurement systems offer potential for real-world clinical and research applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To comparatively evaluate the Epionics SPINE system against a Vicon motion capture system for measuring sagittal lumbar back motion.
To assess the reliability and agreement of the Epionics SPINE system during various functional activities.

Main Methods:

Twenty healthy participants underwent testing with both Epionics SPINE and Vicon systems.
Activities included standing, sitting, chair rising, box lifting, walking, running, and counter movement jump (CMJ).
Data analysis involved Bland-Altman analyses for agreement and ICC/MDC for reliability.

Main Results:

Excellent agreement was found for chair rising, box lifting, and CMJ.
The Epionics SPINE system showed a systematic underestimation of lumbar lordosis during walking and running.
Moderate to high reliability (ICC ≥ 0.62) was observed for most parameters, with exceptions for running ROM.

Conclusions:

The Epionics SPINE system demonstrates comparable performance to Vicon motion capture for lumbar motion quantification.
The system exhibits good reliability for functional activities, making it a valuable tool for spinal pathology research.
Findings provide a benchmark for using the Epionics SPINE system in clinical and research settings.