Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
Development and In vitro Evaluation of Nifedipine Gel Formulations for Anorectal Applications
Nuray Bagci1, Zerrin Sezgin Bayindir2, Ozge Inal2
1Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency (TMMDA), Ankara, Turkey.
Objective:
Current study focuses on the formulation and characterization of lipophilic and hydrophilic gel formulations of nifedipine to treat anal fissure via anodermal application.
Methods:
Lipophilic gels were prepared with Aerosil grades as gelling agents in bulk oils. Polyethylene glycols, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and Carbopol® 974P were used as gelling agents in water and propylene glycol for forming hydrophilic gels. The effect of repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycles (FT-C) on microstructures of the gels was investigated by examining viscosity, rheology and textural properties. Aerosil 200 containing lipophilic gels exhibited thixotropic behavior with plastic flow properties and higher viscosities.
Result:
Accordingly, their compressibility and adhesiveness increased. FT-C caused notable changes in microstructures and textural properties of the lipophilic gels excluding the formulation containing Aerosil 200-in-isopropyl myristate. Among the hydrophilic gels, the viscosity of Carbopol® 974P gels increased depending on the amount of polymer, triethanolamine and water; these gels featured plastic flow without thixotropic behavior. Their compressibility and adhesiveness were higher than other gel formulations with stable post-FT-C characteristics. The higher flux values of nifedipine were observed from water containing Carbopol® 974P gel.
Conclusion:
The results of the stability tests showed that the Carbopol® 974P gel had a longer shelf life than the Aerosil 200-in-isopropyl myristate gel.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods
In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II
Drug Product Performance: In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...

