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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation
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Efficient partial-denitrification/anammox (PD/A) process through gas-mixing strategy: System evaluation and microbial

Rui Du1, Shenbin Cao2, Xiangchen Li1

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.

Bioresource Technology
|January 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Partial denitrification (PD) coupled with anammox (PD/A) efficiently removes wastewater nitrogen. Novel gas mixing in an up-flow anaerobic reactor achieved high nitrogen removal rates and prevented sludge flotation, ensuring stable performance.

Keywords:
AnammoxGas mixingPartial-denitrificationSludge flotationUpflow anaerobic bed reactor (UASB)

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Microbiology
  • Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Partial denitrification (PD) is crucial for integrating anammox processes in wastewater treatment.
  • Optimizing PD/Anammox (PD/A) systems is key for efficient nitrogen removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel gas mixing strategy for a continuous-flow PD/A process.
  • To enhance nitrogen removal rates and sludge stability in an up-flow anaerobic bed reactor.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a continuous-flow up-flow anaerobic bed reactor.
  • Implemented a novel gas mixing technique.
  • Analyzed nitrogen removal rates, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and microbial community dynamics, including Zoogloea and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high nitrogen removal rate of 2.42 kgN/(m³·d) at an HRT of 0.5 h.
  • Successfully eliminated sludge flotation through improved mass transfer via gas mixing.
  • Demonstrated that optimizing gas flow rates at high nitrogen loading rates (NLR) mitigates tight-bound EPS overproduction and enhances sludge stability.
  • Maintained effective retention of PD and anammox functional microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • Gas mixing is an effective strategy for high-rate, continuous-flow PD/A processes.
  • The implemented method ensures stable nitrogen removal performance and addresses challenges like sludge flotation and EPS accumulation.