Two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene for antibacterial applications: current progress and future...

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Rising antibiotic resistance necessitates novel antibacterial agents.
• Two-dimensional graphene-based nanomaterials exhibit significant sterilization potential.
• Two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene (2D NBG) offer unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility for disinfection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in 2D NBG-based antibacterial agents.
• To elucidate the antibacterial mechanisms of 2D NBG.
• To discuss the influence of physicochemical properties on antibacterial activity.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of research on 2D NBG antibacterial mechanisms.
• Analysis of various types of 2D NBG, including transition-metal dichalcogenides/oxides, metal-based compounds, nitrides, black phosphorus, and transition metal carbides.
• Discussion of structure-activity relationships.

Main Results:

• Key antibacterial mechanisms of 2D NBG include direct contact destruction, oxidative stress, photo-induced effects, controlled release of drugs/ions, and synergistic multi-mode actions.
• Physicochemical properties significantly impact antibacterial efficacy.
• Various 2D NBG materials demonstrate potent antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions:

• 2D NBG represent a promising class of novel antibacterial agents.
• Further research into mechanisms and properties can optimize their application in combating infections.
• This review provides insights for future development of advanced antibacterial strategies.