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Related Concept Videos

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

17.7K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
17.7K
Conformations of Cyclohexane02:11

Conformations of Cyclohexane

15.0K
Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...
15.0K
Structure of Alkanes02:23

Structure of Alkanes

32.1K
The formation of carbon-carbon bonds leading to the creation of the carbon chain is the basis of organic chemistry. August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper independently developed this idea of carbon chain formation.
Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds composed of carbons and hydrogens. Based on the bond order between carbons, the hydrocarbons are further classified into alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. 
Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbons with sp3 hybrid carbon atoms....
32.1K
Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

13.9K
Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that...
13.9K
Conformations of Butane02:20

Conformations of Butane

17.4K
Unlike ethane and propane that have only two major conformations, butane has more than two conformers. The staggered form of butane in which the bulky methyl groups on the two carbons are placed on opposite sides, that is, at a dihedral angle of 180°, is the lowest energy, most stable form — called the anti conformer. This conformation is stabilized due to the absence of steric repulsion between the largely spaced out methyl groups. The other two staggered conformations are...
17.4K
Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

Conformations of Ethane and Propane

16.6K
In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
Staggered conformation is a low energy and more stable conformation with the C-H bonds on the front carbon placed at 60°dihedral angles relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon, leading to a reduced torsional strain. In staggered...
16.6K

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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Hydrocarbon Belts with Truncated Cone Structures.

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|January 7, 2020
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Researchers created novel hydrocarbon belts using resorcinarene starting materials. These molecular belts can selectively host small molecules like nitromethane and p-xylene.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Resorcinarene macrocycles are versatile platforms for constructing complex molecular architectures.
  • Developing novel host materials with tailored cavities is crucial for molecular recognition and separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a new class of hydrocarbon belts derived from resorcinarenes.
  • To explore the structural diversity and host-guest properties of these novel molecular belts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a closing-all-fjords strategy involving triflation, transition-metal-catalyzed vinylation, and intramolecular olefin metathesis.
  • Employed selective hydrogenation of olefin and benzene subunits to generate diverse hydrocarbon structures.
  • Characterized the synthesized compounds using spectroscopic and crystallographic techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized belt[n]arene[n]tropilidenes (n = 4, 6) with double-stranded macrocyclic belt structures.
  • The cavities of the molecular belts were found to be truncated cones.
  • Demonstrated the ability of the hydrocarbon belts to selectively include small molecules like nitromethane and p-xylene.

Conclusions:

  • The developed synthetic strategy provides facile access to novel hydrocarbon belts.
  • These molecular belts exhibit unique structural features and function as effective synthetic host materials.
  • The selective inclusion of small molecules highlights their potential applications in host-guest chemistry and separation science.