Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 31, 2025
06:24
Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology
Published on: December 15, 2017
10.6K
Citric acid bioproduction: the technological innovation change
Alessia Amato1, Alessandro Becci1, Francesca Beolchini1
1Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|January 7, 2020
Summary
This review analyzes over 100 patents on citric acid production, revealing China
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development
Background:
- Citric acid is a key organic acid with significant market value.
- Existing literature lacks a comprehensive overview of technological innovations in citric acid production for industrial scale.
- Understanding patent landscapes is crucial for identifying market trends and investment opportunities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze global patents related to citric acid production from 1929 to 2018.
- To identify innovative markets and promising economic investment fields in citric acid technology.
- To assess the impact of technological advancements on market dynamics and sustainability.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of over 100 worldwide patents concerning citric acid production.
- Analysis of patent trends in conjunction with global citric acid export data.
- Evaluation of emerging technologies, including waste substrate utilization and fermentation processes.
Main Results:
- A notable increase in patent filings for citric acid production technologies.
- China's dominance in global citric acid exports, contributing 75% in 2017.
- Growing patent interest in utilizing waste substrates and adopting solid-state fermentation (koji process) for enhanced sustainability.
Conclusions:
- The patent landscape indicates significant innovation in citric acid production.
- The shift towards circular economy principles is driving the adoption of sustainable practices like waste substrate conversion and solid-state fermentation.
- This review provides essential insights for researchers and stakeholders in the citric acid industry.
Related Concept Videos
01:37The Citric Acid Cycle: Overview
22.2K
In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is the second stage of cellular respiration wherein molecules derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are oxidized into carbon dioxide and energy. This process is also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as the first product of the cycle, citric acid, contains three carboxyl groups in its structure. Alternatively, this cycle is also referred to as the Krebs cycle, in honor of its discoverer Sir Hans Krebs.
The citric...
The citric...
22.2K
00:53Products of the Citric Acid Cycle
102.8K
The cells of most organisms—including plants and animals—obtain usable energy through aerobic respiration, the oxygen-requiring version of cellular respiration. Aerobic respiration consists of four major stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. The third major stage, the citric acid cycle, is also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
102.8K
01:28The Citric Acid Cycle: Output
10.1K
The citric acid cycle is termed an amphibolic pathway as it operates both anabolically and catabolically. The cyclic reactions balance the flux of the substrates to provide an optimal concentration of NADH and ATP to the cell.
Regulation of Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle is regulated in several ways, including feedback inhibition, regulation of enzyme activities, and associated anaplerotic or cataplerotic pathways.
The primary substrate of the TCA cycle—acetyl CoA—is...
Regulation of Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle is regulated in several ways, including feedback inhibition, regulation of enzyme activities, and associated anaplerotic or cataplerotic pathways.
The primary substrate of the TCA cycle—acetyl CoA—is...
10.1K
02:36The Citric Acid Cycle
160.8K
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
160.8K
01:20Fates of Pyruvate
10.3K
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
10.3K
01:59Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
21.3K
Crop cultivation has a long history in human civilization, with records showing the cultivation of cereal plants beginning at around 8000 BC. This early plant breeding was developed primarily to provide a steady supply of food.
21.3K