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Related Concept Videos

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Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
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Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Neuroprotective Polyphenols: A Modulatory Action on Neurotransmitter Pathways.

Elzbieta Rebas1, Jowita Rzajew1, Tomasz Radzik1

  • 1Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Current Neuropharmacology
|January 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant-derived polyphenols offer a safer alternative for managing neurological disorders by modulating neurotransmitter systems and reducing oxidative stress. These natural compounds show promise in preventing and treating conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Keywords:
Polyphenolscentral nervous systemneuropathologyneuroprotectionneurotransmitter receptorsneurotransmitters.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Neurotransmitter balance is crucial for nervous system function; disruptions cause neuropathologies like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • Oxidative stress and altered neurotransmitter metabolism (acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, serotonin, dopamine) are key factors in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Biologically active plant polyphenols positively impact the central nervous system by modulating neurotransmitter metabolism and action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacological activities of plant polyphenols.
  • To focus on their therapeutic potential in regulating neurotransmitter systems.
  • To explore their role in preventing and treating neurological disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of published research on naturally occurring polyphenols.
  • Analysis of pharmacological activities and therapeutic importance.
  • Focus on polyphenol interactions with neurotransmitter systems.

Main Results:

  • Phytochemicals exhibit anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.
  • Polyphenols can modulate neurotransmitter metabolism and receptor function.
  • Evidence suggests polyphenols may prevent or slow the progression of neurological diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Plant polyphenols are less toxic than synthetic drugs, offering a safer alternative with fewer adverse effects.
  • Neuroprotective actions of polyphenols in neurotransmitter regulation and antioxidant defense hold therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative disorders.