Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

23.6K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
23.6K
Complexometric Titration: Ligands00:43

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

2.1K
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...
2.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.2K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.9K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.1K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.1K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

733
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
733

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nanofiber engineering of covalent organic frameworks via monomer-solvent synergy for high-efficiency uranium capture.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

[Cu<sub>12</sub>L<sub>8</sub>] Coordination Cage-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Iodine Capture.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Topology-Templated Synthesis of Dibenzo[g,p]Chrysene-Based sp<sup>2</sup> Carbon-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks with Kagome Lattice for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Nickel Ion Induced Multistage Assembly of Th<sub>13</sub> Cluster.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

A uranyl-based metal-organic framework featuring an eight-connected U<sub>4</sub>L<sub>2</sub> cage for guest capture.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025
Same author

Cage-Based Metal-Organic Framework Featuring a Double-Yolk Core-Shell U<sub>6</sub>L<sub>3</sub>@U<sub>18</sub>L<sub>14</sub> Structure for Iodine Capture.

Inorganic chemistry·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.0K

A mixed-ligand strategy regulates thorium-based MOFs.

Zhi-Wei Huang1, Kong-Qiu Hu, Lei Mei

  • 1Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry. Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|January 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Two new thorium-based organic frameworks, Th-IHEP-5 and Th-IHEP-6, were synthesized. Th-IHEP-5 demonstrates potent catalytic activity for 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide oxidation and CO2 fixation.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.6K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
04:51

Author Spotlight: Functionalizing Metal-Organic Frameworks: Advancements, Challenges, and the Power of Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

4.0K
Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

3.6K
Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh
10:42

Preparing an Isotopically Pure 229Th Ion Beam for Studies of 229mTh

Published on: May 3, 2019

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Thorium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging materials with unique properties.
  • Developing efficient heterogeneous catalysts for environmental applications is crucial.
  • Porphyrin ligands offer potential for enhanced photocatalytic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel thorium-based organic frameworks (Th-IHEP-5 and Th-IHEP-6).
  • To investigate the catalytic performance of Th-IHEP-5 as a heterogeneous catalyst.
  • To explore its applications in the oxidation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and CO2 fixation.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-ligand strategy was employed using a hexanuclear thorium cluster, a porphyrin derivative, and linear carboxylic acids.
  • The synthesized frameworks were characterized using standard analytical techniques.
  • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated for CEES oxidation and CO2 fixation reactions.

Main Results:

  • Two novel thorium-based organic frameworks, Th-IHEP-5 and Th-IHEP-6, were successfully synthesized.
  • Th-IHEP-5 exhibited high photocatalytic activity and stability as a heterogeneous catalyst.
  • Effective oxidation of CEES and efficient CO2 fixation were achieved using Th-IHEP-5.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized thorium-based organic frameworks show promise as efficient heterogeneous catalysts.
  • Th-IHEP-5's catalytic performance is attributed to its large conjugated porphyrin system and bipyridine photosensitizer effects.
  • These findings highlight the potential of thorium-based MOFs in environmental catalysis and carbon capture.