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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Vision 2020: where are we?

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Global efforts to eliminate avoidable blindness are ongoing, with glaucoma's contribution decreasing but still significant. Integrated eye care and innovative technologies are crucial for future progress.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Global Health Initiatives

Background:

  • The VISION 2020 initiative aimed to eliminate avoidable blindness globally.
  • Glaucoma remains a significant contributor to blindness and vision impairment worldwide.
  • Current metrics may underestimate the full burden of glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the VISION 2020 initiative.
  • To assess glaucoma's role in global blindness.
  • To identify future priorities for addressing glaucoma and avoidable blindness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global health initiatives and action plans.
  • Analysis of population-based studies on blindness and vision impairment.
  • Synthesis of evidence on glaucoma prevalence and impact.

Main Results:

  • The World Health Organization's Global Action Plan target for reducing avoidable blindness was not met.
  • Evidence suggests a reduction in glaucoma's contribution to blindness.
  • Population-based studies highlight a substantial unmet need for glaucoma care.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated, people-centered eye care is essential, embedding glaucoma services within primary healthcare.
  • Strengthening existing care pathways and ensuring high-quality glaucoma management are vital.
  • Novel solutions including self-testing, digital technology, AI, and multilevel care are needed to reach underserved populations.