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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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LC-ICP-OES method for antimony speciation analysis in liquid samples.

Iván Moreno-Andrade1,2, Enrique Regidor-Alfageme1, Armando Durazo1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
|January 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (LC-ICP-OES) method accurately analyzes antimony (Sb) species. This reliable technique quantifies Sb(III) and Sb(V) in various aqueous samples with high recovery rates.

Keywords:
AntimonyLC-ICP-OESSb(III)Sb(V)hyphenated techniquespeciation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Antimony (Sb) speciation is crucial for environmental and health risk assessments.
  • Accurate quantification of different antimony species, Sb(III) and Sb(V), is often challenging.
  • Existing methods may lack the sensitivity or specificity required for complex matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a simple and reliable method for simultaneous determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V).
  • To couple liquid chromatography (LC) with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for antimony speciation.
  • To assess the method's performance in various aqueous sample matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
  • Direct and simultaneous separation and quantification of Sb(III) and Sb(V).
  • Analysis performed across three distinct wavelengths to evaluate performance.

Main Results:

  • High linearity was observed in calibration curves across tested wavelengths.
  • Achieved low limits of detection (24.9–46.0 μg/L) and quantification (Sb(III): 80.7 μg/L, Sb(V): 49.9 μg/L at 217.582 nm).
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity for Sb(V) compared to Sb(III) and excellent recoveries (>90%) across water, culture medium, and sludge matrices with low coefficients of variation (0.1–5.0%).

Conclusions:

  • The developed LC-ICP-OES method is effective for the direct and simultaneous analysis of Sb(III) and Sb(V) in diverse aqueous samples.
  • The method offers reliable quantification, high sensitivity, and excellent recovery, making it suitable for environmental monitoring and toxicological studies.
  • The validated technique provides a robust tool for understanding antimony behavior and fate in different environmental compartments.