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Risk Factors for Recurrent Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Children and Young Adults

Beata Sarecka-Hujar1, Ilona Kopyta2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.

Brain Sciences
|January 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Recurrent arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children and young adults has distinct risk factors, including vasculopathies in children and conditions like hypertension in adults. Understanding these factors is crucial for preventing mortality and long-term disability.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is a serious condition, particularly in young individuals.
  • Etiologies and consequences of AIS differ between childhood and adulthood, impacting long-term care and rehabilitation.
  • Recurrent stroke significantly increases mortality risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss known risk factors for recurrent AIS in both pediatric and young adult populations.
  • To highlight differences in risk factors between age groups, such as vasculopathies in children and comorbidities in adults.
  • To synthesize current literature on genetic polymorphisms associated with AIS recurrence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on recurrent arterial ischemic stroke.
  • Analysis of etiological mechanisms and risk factors specific to pediatric and young adult populations.
  • Comparison of risk factors for recurrent AIS versus first-ever AIS.

Main Results:

  • Vasculopathies, including Moyamoya disease and focal cerebral arteriopathy of childhood (FCA), are key risk factors for recurrent AIS in children.
  • FCA increases recurrent stroke risk fivefold compared to idiopathic AIS.
  • Young adults with recurrent AIS more frequently present with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral artery disease.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct risk factors for recurrent AIS exist in children and young adults.
  • Identifying and managing these specific risk factors is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing mortality.
  • Further research into genetic predispositions may offer insights into AIS recurrence.

Keywords:
arterial ischemic stroke (AIS)childrenrecurrencerecurrent strokerisk factorsyoung adults

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