Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

3.4K
3.4K
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

9.7K
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
9.7K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

8.7K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
8.7K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

72.3K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
72.3K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

14.5K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
14.5K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

4.0K
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sigma-1 receptor promotes glycolysis in neuronal systems by suppressing GRIM19.

iScience·2026
Same author

p53-induced RNA-binding protein ZMAT3 inhibits transcription of a hexokinase to suppress mitochondrial respiration in human cancer cells.

eLife·2026
Same author

Intron Retention Controls Localization of lncRNAs <i>PURPL</i> and <i>MALAT1</i> to Promote Cell Proliferation and Migration.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Sigma-1 Receptor Promotes Glycolysis in Neuronal Systems by Suppressing GRIM19.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

HNRNPH1-mediated splicing events regulate <i>EIF4G1</i> transcript variant composition and the organization of the <i>AURKA</i> 5'UTR.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Identification of a Novel Intracellular Function of the Secreted Ribonuclease RNASE1 in Inhibiting Gene Expression.

Molecular and cellular biology·2025
Same journal

Transcription Factors in Breast Cancer Oncogenesis and Progression.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

Aberrant Expression of miR-25-3p/EZH2 Is Involved in T Cell Activation in Aplastic Anemia.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

Characterization of the m<sup>6</sup>A Epitranscriptome in Fibroblast Senescence.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

Insights into FACT in Cancers with Targeted Therapeutic Implications.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

Human lncRNA, hLinfRNA7 (IDO1-AS) Regulates Cytokine Expression, Tryptophan Catabolism, and Inflammatory Response in Macrophage.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same journal

mTORC1-Dependent Regulation of the CCL24-CCR3 Axis Controls Granuloma Formation and Maintenance in Sarcoidosis.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
13:04

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

9.2K

When Long Noncoding Becomes Protein Coding.

Corrine Corrina R Hartford1, Ashish Lal2

  • 1Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
|January 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) actually encode small proteins called micropeptides. These micropeptides play crucial roles in fundamental biological processes, challenging previous genomic annotations.

Keywords:
circRNAcoding potentiallncRNAmRNAmicropeptides

More Related Videos

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
10:34

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

Published on: July 22, 2016

24.3K
De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
13:04

Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR

Published on: March 1, 2019

9.2K
Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture
10:34

Detection of RNA-binding Proteins by In Vitro RNA Pull-down in Adipocyte Culture

Published on: July 22, 2016

24.3K
De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Recent advances reveal more of the genome encodes proteins than previously understood.
  • Many long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were misannotated and are not truly noncoding.
  • Short open reading frames (sORFs) within lncRNAs have been overlooked due to their small size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for identifying the coding potential of putative lncRNAs.
  • To highlight the biological significance and functions of micropeptides encoded by sORFs.
  • To re-evaluate the functional landscape of the genome beyond protein-coding genes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic and proteomic technologies for genome annotation.
  • Analysis of lncRNA sequences for the presence of short open reading frames (sORFs).
  • Functional characterization of micropeptides derived from sORFs.

Main Results:

  • Numerous lncRNAs possess sORFs that encode functional micropeptides.
  • These micropeptides are involved in critical cellular processes such as cell division, transcription regulation, and signaling.
  • The discovery of micropeptides expands our understanding of the proteome and genome function.

Conclusions:

  • A significant portion of lncRNAs may have coding potential, producing biologically important micropeptides.
  • Re-evaluation of lncRNA annotation is necessary to uncover novel protein-coding elements.
  • Micropeptides represent a vital, yet previously underappreciated, class of biomolecules with diverse cellular roles.