The Evolution of Human Probiotics: Challenges and Prospects

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Gastroenterology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• The intestinal microbiota significantly impacts human health and longevity.
• Microbial composition is sensitive to lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, and smoking.
• Probiotics play a vital role in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review unresolved issues in probiotic production and clinical prescription.
• To highlight recent advancements in probiotic efficacy, delivery, and preservation.
• To provide insights for physicians and researchers on developing novel probiotic therapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent findings on probiotic efficacy and production.
• Analysis of studies on monostrain vs. multistrain probiotics.
• Examination of novel delivery systems like microcapsules and biofilms.
• Review of clinical studies evaluating probiotic benefits in various pathologies.

Main Results:

• Monostrain and multistrain probiotics show varying advantages and efficacies.
• Microencapsulation and biofilm technologies enhance probiotic survival and efficacy.
• Clinical studies demonstrate probiotic benefits against diverse diseases.
• Key questions regarding probiotic prescription, comparative efficacy, and delivery persist.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to optimize probiotic prescription and application.
• Advancements in production and delivery methods hold promise for enhanced therapeutic benefits.
• This review aims to stimulate the development of new probiotics and treatment regimens.