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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Concreteness and disagreement: Comment on Pollock (2018).

Ian Neath1, Aimée M Surprenant2

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The disagreement hypothesis suggests word memory differences stem from rating agreement. This study found no support for this hypothesis, indicating the concreteness effect in memory is not due to rating disagreement.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • The concreteness effect in memory research, where concrete words are better remembered than abstract words, may be confounded by inter-rater agreement.
  • The disagreement hypothesis proposes that greater disagreement in word ratings (larger standard deviation of rating, SDR) leads to poorer memory, potentially explaining the concreteness effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the disagreement hypothesis as an explanation for the concreteness effect in memory.
  • To investigate whether the standard deviation of rating (SDR) influences memory performance independently of word concreteness.

Main Methods:

  • Factorially manipulated concreteness (abstract vs. concrete) and SDR size (small vs. large) in Experiment 1.
  • Manipulated word concreteness and SDR size in opposing directions in Experiment 2 to directly challenge the disagreement hypothesis.
  • Replicated Experiment 2 with a larger stimulus set in Experiment 3.

Main Results:

  • Experiment 1 showed a concreteness effect regardless of SDR size, with no significant effect of SDR or interactions involving SDR.
  • Experiment 2 and 3 demonstrated a concreteness effect even when abstract words had small SDRs and concrete words had large SDRs, contradicting the disagreement hypothesis.
  • The standard deviation of rating (SDR) did not consistently predict memory performance or interact with concreteness.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide no support for the disagreement hypothesis as an explanation for the concreteness effect.
  • The results suggest that inter-rater agreement on word ratings is not the primary driver of the observed differences in memory for abstract versus concrete words.