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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Imaging the Neutrophil Phagosome and Cytoplasm Using a Ratiometric pH Indicator
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Autophagy in neutrophils.

Sanjeeb Shrestha1, Jae Man Lee2, Chang-Won Hong1

  • 1Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea.

The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology : Official Journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology
|January 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is vital for neutrophil function and immune defense. Understanding its mechanisms offers new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
AutophagyBactericidal activityNeutrophilNeutrophil extracellular trap

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Autophagy is a fundamental cellular process for maintaining homeostasis.
  • Neutrophils are key innate immune cells crucial for pathogen defense.
  • The role of autophagy in neutrophil biology is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of autophagy in neutrophil biology.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of autophagy in neutrophils.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil autophagy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on autophagy and neutrophils.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in neutrophil autophagy.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on autophagy's impact on neutrophil functions.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is conserved in neutrophils and essential for their differentiation.
  • Autophagy regulates critical neutrophil effector functions, including degranulation, NETosis, and cytokine production.
  • Autophagy plays a significant role in controlling inflammation and bacterial activity.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is integral to neutrophil function, impacting both general and effector processes.
  • Further research into neutrophil autophagy mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
  • Targeting autophagy in neutrophils holds promise for treating inflammatory and infectious diseases.