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Multiple hosts and Influenza A viruses genetic mixing
Pierre Rivailler1, Dorothée Moisy2, Nadia Naffakh2
1Department of biological sciences, university of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29205, États-Unis, Nouvelle adresse : Centers for disease control and prevention, division of viral diseases, Atlanta, 30333 GA, États-Unis.
Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|January 9, 2020
Summary
Influenza A viruses, found in wild birds, can transmit to other species, including humans. This review explores viral diversity and risks of pandemics from interspecies transmission.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Genomics
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Influenza A viruses possess a segmented, negative-stranded RNA genome.
- Classification relies on hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins.
- 17 HA and 10 NA subtypes form 116 reported HxNy combinations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic diversity of avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses.
- To focus on lesser-known influenza A viruses in horses, dogs, and bats.
- To discuss risks associated with interspecies transmission and genetic mixing.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of influenza A virus genetic diversity.
- Analysis of reported influenza A virus subtypes and their hosts.
- Discussion of interspecies transmission events and their implications.
Main Results:
- Wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for most influenza A virus subtypes.
- The H17N10 subtype was recently identified in bats.
- Interspecies transmission can lead to new viral lineages and potential epizootics/zoonosis.
Conclusions:
- Influenza A virus diversity extends beyond common hosts.
- Interspecies transmission poses significant risks for emerging infectious diseases.
- Understanding viral genetic mixing is crucial for pandemic preparedness.
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