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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
Published on: September 4, 2015
The (un)structural biology of biomolecular liquid-liquid phase separation using NMR spectroscopy
Anastasia C Murthy1, Nicolas L Fawzi2
1Graduate Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912.
Abstract:
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of proteins and nucleic acids is a phenomenon that underlies membraneless compartmentalization of the cell. The underlying molecular interactions that underpin biomolecular LLPS have been of increased interest due to the importance of membraneless organelles in facilitating various biological processes and the disease association of several of the proteins that mediate LLPS. Proteins that are able to undergo LLPS often contain intrinsically disordered regions and remain dynamic in solution. Solution-state NMR spectroscopy has emerged as a leading structural technique to characterize protein LLPS due to the variety and specificity of information that can be obtained about intrinsically disordered sequences. This review discusses practical aspects of studying LLPS by NMR, summarizes recent work on the molecular aspects of LLPS of various protein systems, and discusses future opportunities for characterizing the molecular details of LLPS to modulate phase separation.
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