Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma with Multilocular Cysts

In this study, we describe a 60-year-old man with a giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma with multilocular cysts. He was admitted to our hospital because of a 5-month history of abdominal distention. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a giant lobulated cystic mass occupying the retroperitoneal space that contained partially solid fat components. Magnetic resonance imaging indicated that this complex mass exhibited a low signal intensity on a T1-weighted image, whereas it exhibited a high and focally intermediate signal intensity on a T2-weighted image. This patient was diagnosed with a mucinous type of retroperitoneal sarcoma, which was then resected. During surgery, the tumor was isolated from the retroperitoneum and other organs, but the detachment was required only because of fixation around the left external iliac artery. The histological diagnosis was a well-differentiated liposarcoma with multilocular cysts that contained old bloody, serous, and mucinous fluids, which are a rare phenomenon in liposarcoma. This case indicates that retroperitoneal liposarcoma should also be considered as a differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal cystic mass.