Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) can non-mechanically digest cyanobacteria

The growth of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) is a typical phenomenon in water bodies worldwide. The use of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) to reduce excessive phytoplankton development is controversial. In the case of cyanobacteria, many of which are toxic, understanding their possible digestion mechanism by fish is particularly desirable. A unique methodical approach, which consists of applying intestinal contents or extracts to a cyanobacteria culture, was used. Unicellular cyanobacteria (Cyanothece) were incubated in vitro with bile, contents of different parts of the intestinal tract, and cytosolic and microsomal extracts of the intestinal tissue of silver carp. The abundance of cyanobacteria decreased in all treatments containing either exclusively bile or its combination with intestinal contents. This research provides the first evidence of non-mechanical digestion of cyanobacteria by silver carp. Cyanobacteria incubated with intestinal contents or extracts reached mostly higher abundances than those incubated with the nutrient medium. The existence of non-mechanical digestion mediated via intestinal contents and extracts or its compensation connected with organic substance uptake is discussed.