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Cancer statistics, 2020.

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Cancer death rates have declined significantly due to progress in treating major cancers, but momentum is slowing for some, while others show accelerated improvement. This highlights varying trends in cancer mortality across different cancer types.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The American Cancer Society provides annual estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.
  • Cancer mortality rates have shown a significant decline since 1991, with an overall reduction of 29% through 2017.
  • This decline is attributed to decreased death rates in major cancers like lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the latest cancer statistics for the United States, including projected cases and deaths for 2020.
  • To analyze trends in cancer mortality rates, highlighting progress and areas of concern.
  • To examine the impact of new therapies on specific cancer mortality rates, such as melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) through 2016.
  • Employed mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) through 2017.
  • Analyzed trends and calculated percentage changes in cancer death rates over specified periods.

Main Results:

  • Projected 1,806,590 new cancer cases and 606,520 cancer deaths in the US for 2020.
  • Cancer death rates declined by 29% from peak rates, preventing an estimated 2.9 million deaths.
  • Lung cancer mortality declines accelerated, while reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal cancers and halted for prostate cancer. Melanoma mortality declined dramatically, particularly in older age groups, following new therapy approvals. Liver cancer mortality increases have slowed in women and stabilized in men.

Conclusions:

  • Despite overall progress, there is a concerning slowdown in mortality reductions for certain cancers, particularly those amenable to early detection.
  • Accelerated declines in lung and melanoma cancer mortality demonstrate the impact of targeted interventions and new therapies.
  • Continued monitoring and research are essential to address disparities and sustain progress in reducing the overall cancer burden.