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Updated: Dec 31, 2025
Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery
Published on: September 27, 2024
High-grade complication is associated with poor overall survival after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic
Joey Wee-Shan Tan1, Grace Hwei Ching Tan1, Wai Yee Ng1
1Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
Background:
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is increasingly used in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) management. This modality is criticized for its high morbidity and mortality. We evaluate the morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing this procedure in our institution.
Methods:
A review of our institution's database was performed. All patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC between July 2011 and March 2018 were divided into three groups: no, low-grade, and high-grade complications. Prognostic factors were determined with Cox regression, while morbidity risk factors were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression.
Results:
225 consecutive patients underwent CRS/HIPEC. The most common primary cancer types were colorectal (35.1%), appendiceal (25.8%), and ovarian (22.2%). Median age was 55 years old (range 14-77), and patients were typically female (68.0%). 38.7% developed low-grade complications and 14.7% had high-grade complications. No 30-day mortality was observed. Different tumor origins are associated with significant differences in overall survival (p < 0.001). Patients without complications had significantly better survival than those with high-grade complications (HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.15-0.81, p < 0.001). Males were more likely to develop low-grade complications (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.31-8.30, p = 0.011). Intra-operative blood loss was associated with greater odds of developing any post-operative complications (OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.0003-1.002, p = 0.007; and OR 1.002, 95% CI 1.001-1.002, p < 0.001, for low and high grade, respectively).
Conclusion:
Presence of high-grade complication was associated with poorer survival in patients after CRS/HIPEC. Pre-operative careful assessment of patients is pivotal to ensure favorable patient outcome following this complex procedure.
