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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of future time orientation is crucial for understanding decision-making.
  • Existing self-report measures may not fully capture the complexities of future time orientation.
  • Performance-based measures offer an objective assessment of cognitive constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Scrambled Sentences Task for Future Time Orientation (SST-FTO) as a performance measure.
  • To establish the content, convergent, and internal consistency validity of the SST-FTO.
  • To assess the SST-FTO's predictive utility for decision-making, specifically delay discounting.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Content validation of SST-FTO items by undergraduate research assistants.
  • Study 2: Convergent validity established through online administration, correlating SST-FTO with self-report and performance measures.
  • Study 3: Validity of a shortened SST-FTO assessed post-intervention, examining effects on delay discounting and future orientation.

Main Results:

  • SST-FTO items demonstrated content validity, distinguishing between future and present time orientations.
  • SST-FTO performance correlated with self-reported time orientation and delay discounting, but not temporal focus.
  • The SST-FTO showed strong internal consistency and predicted delay discounting, independent of intervention effects and self-reported orientation.

Conclusions:

  • The Scrambled Sentences Task for Future Time Orientation (SST-FTO) is a valid and reliable performance measure.
  • SST-FTO effectively assesses future time orientation and its impact on decision-making behaviors like delay discounting.
  • This measure offers a robust alternative to self-report for evaluating future time orientation in research and practice.