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The Equine Gingiva: A Histological Evaluation.

Saskia Steinfort1, Michael Röcken2, Jörg Vogelsberg1

  • 1Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.

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This study details the histology of healthy equine gingiva, crucial for understanding periodontal disease. Findings reveal unique adaptations in horse gum tissue and frequent, yet not always pathological, inflammatory cell presence.

Keywords:
equinegingivagingival tissuehistologyperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Dentistry
  • Equine Histology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Equine periodontal disease is a prevalent and painful condition in horses.
  • Understanding its etiology and pathology is vital for effective treatment and prevention.
  • A histological baseline of healthy equine gingiva is a necessary first step.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed histological description of healthy equine gingiva.
  • To identify structural components and variations in equine gingival tissues.
  • To establish a reference for future studies on equine periodontal disease.

Main Methods:

  • Gingival specimens were collected from six euthanized horses.
  • Histological sections were prepared from gingiva, teeth, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament.
  • Light microscopy was used to evaluate gingival structural components like the sulcus, epithelium, and lamina propria.

Main Results:

  • Equine gingiva shares structural components with human and canine counterparts but exhibits unique adaptations.
  • The equine junctional epithelium attaches to a unique peripheral cementum.
  • Leukocytic infiltrations were common in the gingiva, independent of visible pathology.
  • Average gingival sulcus depth was less than 1 mm.

Conclusions:

  • The histological features of healthy equine gingiva have been described.
  • Equine gingival anatomy shows specific adaptations, including the junctional epithelium's attachment.
  • The frequent presence of leukocytic infiltrations warrants further investigation in the context of equine periodontal disease.