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Related Concept Videos

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Traumatic Memory01:20

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Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
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Cognitive Theories: Lazarus Mediational Theory of Emotion01:17

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Richard Lazarus' cognitive mediational theory highlights the pivotal role of cognitive appraisal in shaping emotional responses. According to this theory, the evaluation of a stimulus — based on personal values, goals, beliefs, and expectations — mediates the emotional response. This appraisal process is immediate and often occurs unconsciously, influencing the intensity and nature of the resulting emotion.
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
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Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Lazarus phenomenon in trauma.

Timothy Mahon1, Piyush Kalakoti2, Steven A Conrad1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.

Trauma Case Reports
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Lazarus phenomenon, or auto-resuscitation, is rarely documented in trauma cases. This report details a rare instance of auto-resuscitation in a trauma patient nine minutes after resuscitation efforts ceased.

Keywords:
AutoresuscitationLazarus phenomenonROSCResuscitationSpontaneous return of circulationTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Trauma Care

Background:

  • The Lazarus phenomenon, defined as auto-resuscitation, is the spontaneous return of circulation after cessation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
  • Literature on auto-resuscitation in trauma patients is notably scarce.

Observation:

  • An older female poly-trauma patient from a motor vehicle collision presented with pulseless electrical activity.
  • Despite aggressive resuscitation efforts, spontaneous circulation did not return.
  • Nine minutes post-resuscitation cessation, the patient exhibited auto-resuscitation.

Findings:

  • This case represents a rare occurrence of auto-resuscitation in a severe trauma setting.
  • The event highlights a critical management dilemma in organ donation protocols.

Implications:

  • Urgent organ procurement for maximum viability conflicts with the need for an adequate observation period to rule out auto-resuscitation.
  • Ethical considerations and the need for updated guidelines for organ donation after circulatory death are emphasized.
  • Establishing standardized observation times for auto-resuscitation in potential organ donors is crucial.