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Related Concept Videos

Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

454
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
454
Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

310
When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
310

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China's improving inland surface water quality since 2003.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • China Environmental Policy

Background:

  • Inland water quality in China faces threats from increased human activity.
  • Significant efforts to combat water pollution have been implemented since 2001.
  • Understanding water quality responses is crucial for water security and sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze nationwide inland water quality variability in China from 2003 to 2017.
  • To assess water quality responses to anthropogenic discharges.
  • To inform future water pollution mitigation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide analysis of inland water quality data.
  • Assessment of trends in relation to industrial, rural, urban, and agricultural discharges.
  • Regional comparison of water pollution status.

Main Results:

  • Overall water quality improvement or maintenance across China due to reduced industrial, rural, and urban discharges.
  • Growing agricultural discharges pose a threat to water quality gains.
  • Severe water pollution persists in north and northeast China.

Conclusions:

  • China's water quality has improved due to reduced pollution from key sectors.
  • Agricultural sector discharges are a growing concern for water quality.
  • Tailored, region-specific mitigation strategies are recommended for further water quality enhancement.