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Evidence for novel epigenetic marks within plants.

Asaad M Mahmood1, Jim M Dunwell2

  • 1Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, KRG/Iraq.

AIMS Genetics
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics involves DNA modifications like methylation without changing DNA sequence. This review explores controversial evidence for DNA demethylation pathways, including TET proteins, in plants.

Keywords:
5hmCDNA demethylationTET proteinsepigenetic mechanisms

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Plant Sciences

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
  • DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and Ten-Eleven Translocation (TET) proteins are key enzymes in mammalian DNA methylation and demethylation pathways.
  • TET proteins catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the controversial evidence for the presence and function of DNA demethylation pathways, particularly those involving TET-like proteins, in plants.
  • To discuss the potential role of oxidative DNA modifications in plant gene regulation.
  • To summarize findings from expressing human TET catalytic domains in transgenic plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating DNA demethylation in plants.
  • Analysis of evidence for oxidative products of 5mC, such as 5hmC, in various plant species.
  • Summary of results from transgenic plant experiments expressing human TET conserved catalytic domains.

Main Results:

  • Conflicting reports exist regarding enzymatic DNA demethylation in plants.
  • Some studies suggest the presence of 5hmC and other oxidative products, implying active demethylation.
  • Other studies find no evidence for these modifications or active demethylation in plants.

Conclusions:

  • The role of TET-like proteins and active DNA demethylation in plants remains controversial and requires further investigation.
  • Evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA modifications, may play a role in plant gene regulation.
  • Transgenic studies expressing human TET domains provide insights into potential plant demethylation mechanisms.