Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

34.7K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
34.7K
Entropy01:18

Entropy

3.4K
The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
3.4K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

26.5K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
26.5K
Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

67.0K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
67.0K
Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

3.1K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
3.1K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics01:14

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

6.6K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Scientists refer to the measure of randomness or disorder within a system as entropy. High entropy means high disorder and low energy. To better understand entropy, think of a student’s bedroom. If no energy or work were put into it, the room would quickly become messy. It would exist in a very disordered state, one of high entropy. Energy must be...
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Local integrability breaking and exponential localization of leading Lyapunov vectors.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Efficient Computation of Cumulant Evolution and Full Counting Statistics: Application to Infinite Temperature Quantum Spin Chains.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Exact Nonequilibrium Steady State of XXZ Circuits Boundary Driven with Arbitrary Resets or Fields.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Top rank statistics for Brownian reshuffling.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Full Eigenstate Thermalization via Free Cumulants in Quantum Lattice Systems.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

Symmetry Classes of Classical Stochastic Processes.

Journal of statistical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K

Universal Signature from Integrability to Chaos in Dissipative Open Quantum Systems.

Gernot Akemann1, Mario Kieburg2, Adam Mielke3

  • 1Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany and Department of Mathematics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Brinellvägen 8, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|January 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We introduce a universal measure for the transition between integrable and chaotic behavior in open quantum systems. This measure, based on eigenvalue repulsion, accurately describes systems from integrable to fully chaotic limits.

More Related Videos

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 31, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

10.2K
Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

9.6K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
07:56

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Chaos theory

Background:

  • Dissipative open quantum systems exhibit complex dynamics.
  • Understanding the transition from integrable to chaotic behavior is a key challenge.
  • Quantum spin chains provide a tractable model for studying these transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a universal measure for the integrability-chaos transition in dissipative quantum systems.
  • To characterize the level spacing distribution of complex eigenvalues in open quantum systems.
  • To generalize existing findings on level repulsion in random matrix theory.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a boundary-driven quantum spin chain as a model system.
  • Utilizing the radial distance between complex eigenvalues of the Liouville operator.
  • Fitting the level spacing distribution to a two-dimensional Coulomb gas model.

Main Results:

  • The eigenvalue repulsion measure successfully captures the transition from integrable (Poisson distribution, β=0) to chaotic (complex Ginibre ensemble, β=2) limits.
  • The level spacing distribution is universally described by a two-dimensional Coulomb gas with harmonic potential.
  • Mathematical evidence confirms the universality of the distribution in the chaotic limit for various Ginibre ensembles.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed measure offers a robust tool for quantifying integrability-chaos transitions in open quantum systems.
  • The findings extend the universality of level spacing distributions to dissipative quantum dynamics.
  • This work provides a unified framework for understanding spectral properties across different quantum regimes.