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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

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In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

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Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy as a Unique Probe for Lipid Membrane Dynamics and Membrane-Protein Interactions
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Neutrino Echoes from Multimessenger Transient Sources.

Kohta Murase1, Ian M Shoemaker2

  • 1Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Particle and Gravitational Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA and Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto, Kyoto 16802, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multimessenger astrophysics using neutrino alerts is now feasible. New methods using neutrino echoes can probe beyond the standard model physics and dark matter interactions, complementing existing experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • * Particle astrophysics
  • * Cosmology
  • * Neutrino physics

Background:

  • * The IceCube-170922A event confirmed the feasibility of multimessenger astrophysics triggered by neutrino alerts.
  • * Standard Model (SM) physics does not fully explain cosmological tensions.
  • * Neutrino interactions with the cosmic neutrino background and dark matter are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To propose a novel method for probing neutrino interactions beyond the Standard Model (BSM).
  • * To investigate the potential of time-delay signatures from secret neutrino interactions.
  • * To establish new constraints on BSM physics complementary to existing experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • * Analyzing time-delay signatures caused by hypothetical neutrino interactions.
  • * Utilizing multimessenger observations of bright neutrino transients.
  • * Comparing BSM-induced neutrino echoes with spectral modification constraints.

Main Results:

  • * Proposed a novel probe for BSM neutrino interactions using neutrino echoes.
  • * Demonstrated that these echoes are distinct from spectral modification constraints.
  • * Identified the potential for future experiments like IceCube-Gen2, KM3Net, and Hyper-Kamiokande to implement this method.

Conclusions:

  • * Multimessenger observations of neutrino transients offer a unique window into BSM physics.
  • * Neutrino echo signatures provide a powerful and complementary approach to probe dark matter and neutrino interactions.
  • * This method can help resolve current tensions in cosmological data and advance particle physics models.