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    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Marine Invertebrate Zoology
    • Gastropod Evolution

    Background:

    • Pyramidellids are ectoparasitic gastropods with specialized piercing and sucking feeding structures.
    • Previous research suggested extensive larval development of post-metamorphic structures in marine invertebrates.
    • Gastropod larval development theories proposed foregut subdivision into dorsal and ventral modules facilitating feeding structure evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To resolve homology controversies regarding unique pyramidellid feeding structures.
    • To examine the foregut development of *Odostomia tenuisculpta* through larval and metamorphic stages.
    • To investigate the role of developmental modularity in the evolution of pyramidellid feeding apparatus.

    Main Methods:

    • Examined foregut development in larval and metamorphic stages of *Odostomia tenuisculpta*.
    • Utilized light and electron microscopy on sectioned specimens.
    • Analyzed the differentiation of presumptive juvenile feeding structures during the larval stage.

    Main Results:

    • Minimal differentiation of juvenile feeding structures (stylet, stylet sheath, buccal pump) occurred during the larval stage of *O. tenuisculpta*.
    • The anterior buccal pump develops from the larval esophagus, an unorthodox pattern for Euthyneura.
    • The introvert tube may be an eversible oral tube, not an acrembolic proboscis.

    Conclusions:

    • An explosive period of morphogenesis is required at metamorphosis for pyramidellid feeding structure development.
    • The observed larval development pattern in *O. tenuisculpta* contrasts with expectations for rapid metamorphic transition.
    • Evidence for developmental modularity facilitating extreme evolutionary remodeling of feeding structures was not found in this study.