Gold nanozyme: Biosensing and therapeutic activities

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Nanomedicine
• Catalysis

Background:

• Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit enzyme-like catalytic properties, driving their use in therapeutics.
• Understanding the catalytic mechanisms of Au nanozymes is crucial for optimizing their efficiency and safety.
• Recent advancements highlight the diverse applications of Au nanozymes in biosensing and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To classify the enzymatic activity of Au nanozymes.
• To review their applications in biosensing and therapeutic activities.
• To discuss current challenges and future prospects of Au nanozymes in biomedical fields.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advancements in Au nanozyme applications.
• Classification of Au nanozyme enzymatic activities.
• Analysis of experimental results from reported studies.

Main Results:

• Au nanozymes demonstrate utility in biosensing various agents including molecules (H2O2, glucose), ions, nucleic acids, proteins, cells, and pathogens.
• Au nanozymes show potential in inhibiting neurodegenerative diseases, cancer therapy, and exhibiting antibacterial activities.
• Biosensing applications primarily utilize colorimetric assays, while therapeutic applications focus on controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.

Conclusions:

• Au nanozymes possess significant potential for biosensing and therapeutic applications.
• Further research into their catalytic mechanisms is needed to overcome current challenges in biomedical approaches.
• This review provides a comprehensive understanding for advancing Au nanozymes in biotechnology and medicine.