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A five-sample confirmatory factor analytic study of burnout-depression overlap.

Renzo Bianchi1, Irvin Sam Schonfeld2, Jay Verkuilen3

  • 1Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, NE, Switzerland.

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Burnout and depression are not distinct conditions, despite common assertions. This study found that burnout symptoms are highly correlated with depression, suggesting the distinction is artificial.

Keywords:
burnoutconfirmatory factor analysisconstruct overlapdepressiondysphoria

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Burnout is often described as a response to unresolvable job stress.
  • It is commonly asserted that burnout is not a depressive syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the validity of the assertion that burnout and depression are distinct conditions.
  • To investigate the relationship between burnout symptoms and depressive symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmatory factor analysis was employed.
  • Five independent samples (N=3,113) of employed individuals from Switzerland and France participated.
  • Burnout symptoms were measured using the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)-General Survey, and the MBI for Educators.
  • Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9.

Main Results:

  • Latent factors of burnout components showed higher correlations with the latent Depression factor than with each other.
  • These findings persisted even after removing fatigue-related items from the PHQ-9.
  • Second-order factor analyses revealed that burnout components and depression reflect a single overarching factor.

Conclusions:

  • The distinction between burnout and depression appears to be artificial.
  • The study suggests a significant overlap and potential shared underlying factor between burnout and depression.