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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Site-specific Bacterial Chromosome Engineering: ΦC31 Integrase Mediated Cassette Exchange (IMCE)
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Compatibility of Site-Specific Recombination Units between Mobile Genetic Elements.

Shota Suzuki1, Miki Yoshikawa2, Daisuke Imamura2

  • 1Research Center of Micro-Nano Technology, Hosei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-0003, Japan.

Iscience
|January 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Site-specific recombination (SSR) units from different mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are interchangeable. Introducing SSR units from skin or ICEBs1 can restore activity to a defective SPβ prophage in Bacillus subtilis.

Keywords:
GeneticsMicrobial GeneticsMicrobiologyMolecular Genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbial Genetics
  • Bacteriophage Biology

Background:

  • Site-specific recombination (SSR) systems mediate the integration and excision of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including prophages and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs).
  • These SSR systems involve specific DNA sites (attP/I and attB) and proteins like integrase (Int) and recombination directionality factor (RDF).
  • Bacillus subtilis 168 harbors multiple MGEs, such as the SPβ prophage, skin prophage, and ICEBs1, each possessing a canonical SSR unit (attL-int-rdf-attR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the compatibility and interchangeability of SSR units from different MGEs in Bacillus subtilis.
  • To determine if SSR units from one MGE can functionally replace those of another.
  • To explore the role of SSR units in regulating gene rearrangements, such as those affecting kamA.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation of Bacillus subtilis 168 to create a defective SPβ prophage by deleting its native SSR unit.
  • Introduction of SSR units derived from the skin prophage and ICEBs1 into the modified SPβ.
  • Analysis of prophage activity and gene rearrangement (kamA) following the introduction of heterologous SSR units.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the SSR units from SPβ, skin, and ICEBs1 are functionally compatible and can substitute for each other.
  • Showed that introducing the SSR unit of skin or ICEBs1 can restore activity to a defective SPβ prophage.
  • Identified related prophages with distinct SSR units that govern developmentally regulated rearrangements of the kamA gene.

Conclusions:

  • SSR units are interchangeable components within MGEs, highlighting a modular nature of these genetic elements.
  • The functional interchangeability of SSR units has implications for understanding MGE dynamics and evolution.
  • SSR systems provide a mechanism for controlling gene rearrangements, impacting bacterial development and adaptation.