Effect of the concreteness of robot motion visual stimulus on an event-related potential-based brain-computer...

Event-related potential (ERP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) has been widely used in robot control. Increasing the amplitude of the ERPs is key for improving the performance of ERP-based BCI. However, using images of robot motion as visual stimuli has not been studied widely. The aim of this study is to explore the concreteness of robot motion images on ERPs. Fifteen subjects used five kinds of visual spellers employing different images as visual stimuli: squares, arrows, a single kind of robot motion, multiple kinds of robot motions, and multiple kinds of robot motions with arrows. The three robot motion stimuli induced larger N200 and P300 potentials than non-robot motion stimuli. The topography shows that robot motion stimuli also evoke stronger negativities in the anterior and occipital areas. Concrete images provide more information to the subject about the robot motion, which might help the brain extract the meaning of the image more automatically. We use a support vector machine to detect the subject's intentions. There is substantial improvement in the classification performance when using robot motion images as visual stimuli, which implies that concrete visual stimuli improve the performance of the ERP-based BCI.