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Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Philipp Schreiner1, Maude Martinho-Grueber2, Diana Studerus3
1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Philipp.Schreiner@usz.ch.
Digestion
|January 14, 2020
Summary
Western diets may increase inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk, while fruits and vegetables may decrease it. More research is needed to guide IBD patients on diet, who are at risk for nutrient deficiencies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Science
Background:
- Western dietary patterns are linked to rising inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) incidence.
- IBD, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is increasingly prevalent globally.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current clinical and epidemiological data on diet's impact on IBD.
- To identify key nutrient deficiencies in IBD patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical and epidemiological studies.
- Analysis of dietary factors and their association with IBD risk and disease course.
Main Results:
- A Western diet, high in omega-6 and low in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), may elevate IBD risk.
- Diets rich in fruits and vegetables show potential in reducing IBD risk.
- IBD patients face risks of deficiencies in iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and other micronutrients, especially during active disease or restrictive diets.
Conclusions:
- Diet is a critical factor for IBD patients, yet scientific evidence for dietary interventions is limited.
- Physicians require better information to guide IBD patients on nutrition.
- Regular screening for malnutrition is essential for IBD patients, even in remission.
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