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Contraceptive use in Eswatini: do contextual influences matter?
Clifford Odimegwu1, Garikayi B Chemhaka1,2
1Demography and Population Studies Programme, Schools of Social Sciences and Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Journal of Biosocial Science
|January 14, 2020
Summary
In Eswatini, individual factors, not community characteristics, primarily influenced modern contraceptive use among women in 2007. Further research should explore community-level influences using ethnographic methods.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Health
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Previous research on modern contraceptive use has largely focused on individual-level determinants.
- The role of community characteristics, such as socioeconomic development, women's empowerment, and fertility norms, in shaping contraceptive use remains under-investigated.
- Understanding contextual factors is crucial for developing effective family planning interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate community-level determinants of current modern contraceptive use in Eswatini.
- To identify factors contributing to variations in contraceptive use across communities.
- To explore the interplay between individual and community factors in modern contraceptive uptake.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of hierarchical structured subsample data from 4112 sexually experienced women from the 2007 Eswatini Demographic Health Survey.
- Application of multilevel logistic regression to assess individual and community-level factors.
- Examination of variations in modern contraceptive use across communities.
Main Results:
- In 2007, only 44.2% of sexually active women in Eswatini were using modern contraceptive methods.
- Community-level factors, including rural residence and high-fertility norms, were associated with decreased odds of contraceptive use.
- After adjusting for individual and community factors, no community-level variables significantly predicted contraceptive use; however, small but decreasing significant variation in use across communities was observed.
- Individual-level factors were found to account for contextual variability in contraceptive use.
Conclusions:
- Individual characteristics are more significant than community characteristics in explaining variations in modern contraceptive use in Eswatini.
- While community-level factors showed some association, they did not significantly predict contraceptive use after adjustment.
- Further investigation using qualitative or ethnographic methods is recommended to uncover nuanced community factors influencing modern contraceptive use.
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